CellWell record HH-5148
Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhao Z, Zheng L, Huang X, Li C, Liu J, Hu Y
BMC Oral Health ยท 2021
In plain language
This systematic review and meta-analysis found that habitual mouth breathing in children is associated with measurable differences in facial skeletal growth patterns compared with nasal breathing, supporting a structural link between breathing route and craniofacial development.
- Evidence
- Established
- Design
- Meta-analysis
Cite this record: https://thecellwell.org/studies/HH-5148
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