CellWell record HH-168677
The 'Chloride Theory' for Heart Failure Pathophysiology: An Updated Narrative Review 2025
Hajime Kataoka
2026
In plain language
This updated review argues that changes in serum chloride, not just sodium and water, track plasma volume and neurohormonal activity in heart failure and predict loop diuretic resistance.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Design
- Expert review
Cite this record: https://thecellwell.org/studies/HH-168677
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