CellWell record HH-144295
Ultra-Processed Food-Rich Dietary Proxies, Dietary-Pattern Context, and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Spain: Weighted Evidence Consistent with Age Confounding and Possible Reverse-Causality Bias from the 2023 Spanish Health Survey
Natividad Cuadrado-Corrales; José J Zamorano-León; David Carabantes-Alarcón; Diana María Mérida; Andrés Bodas-Pinedo; Mario Chico-Rodríguez; Ana Lopez-de-Andres; Rodrigo Jiménez-Garcia; Enrique Redondo-González; Lucia Fuentes-Arroyo
2026
In plain language
Weekly fast-food consumption was consistently associated with excess weight, obesity, hypertension, and prevalent diabetes across all cardiometabolic outcomes.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Design
- Primary research (design unspecified)
Cite this record: https://thecellwell.org/studies/HH-144295
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